Green Graphene-Based Polymer Composites: A Pathway Toward Sustainable Polymers

Green composites, as environmentally friendly materials, are rapidly gaining recognition as a sustainable solution to the environmental issues caused by the widespread use of petroleum-based plastics. These composites typically incorporate natural fibers and biodegradable polymers specifically designed to reduce environmental impact. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of green composites, with a particular focus on those developed from natural fibers such as cellulose, starch, and other bio-based materials. Compared to traditional plastics, these materials exhibit enhanced physical and mechanical properties, along with higher biodegradability. However, challenges such as surface compatibility and the retention of mechanical properties after moisture absorption persist, requiring further research. The paper also explores recent advancements in improving the properties of these composites through the incorporation of nanomaterials like nanocellulose and graphene. Furthermore, the paper discusses the diverse applications of green composites across industries such as packaging, biomedical, and automotive sectors.